Data, Information and knowledge, Increasing use of data as a corporate resource, data processing verses data management, file oriented approach verses database oriented approach to data management; data independence, database administration roles, DBMS architecture, different kinds of DBMS users, importance of data dictionary, contents of data dictionary, types of database languages. Data models: network, hierarchical, relational. Introduction to distributed databases.

Entity - Relationship model as a tool for conceptual design-entities attributes and relationships. ER diagrams; Concept of keys candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key; Strong and weak entities, Case studies of ER modeling Generalization; specialization and aggregation. Converting an ER model into relational Schema. Extended ER features.

Relational Algebra select, project, cross product different types of joins (inner join, outer joins, self join) set operations, Tuple relational calculus, Domain relational calculus, Simple and complex queries using relational algebra, stand alone and embedded query languages, Introduction to SQL constructs (SELECT…FROM, WHERE… GROUP BY… HAVING… ORDERBY….), INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, VIEW definition and use, Temporary tables, Nested queries, and correlated nested queries,
Integrity constraints : Not null, unique, check, primary key, foreign key, references, Triggers. Embedded SQL and Application Programming Interfaces.

Normalization concept in logical model Pitfalls in database design, update anomalies Functional dependencies, Join dependencies, Normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF) Boyce Codd Normal form, Decomposition, Multi-Valued Dependencies, 4NF, 5NF. Issues in physical design; Concepts of indexes, File organization for relational tables, De-normalization.

Parsing, translation, optimization, evaluation and overview of Query Processing. Protecting the Data Base - Integrity, Security and Recovery. Domain Constraints, Referential Integrity, Assertion, Triggers, Security & Authorization in SQL.