Architecture of 8086, CPU architecture, Internal operation, Machine language instructions, Instruction execution timings, The 8088 System bus structure, Basic 8086/8088 configuration, system bus timings, Interrupt priority management, Bus Standards.

Assembly Language Programming, Instruction format, Data transfer instructions, Arithmetic instructions, Branching and looping instructions, NOP and HLT, Flag manipulation instructions, Logical shift and rotate instructions, Directives and operators, Assembly process, Translation of assembler instructions.

Modular Programming, Linking and relocation, Stacks and procedures, Interrupts and interrupt routines, Macros Program design, Byte and String manipulation, String instructions, REP Prefix Table translation, Number format conversions.

I/O Interfaces, Serial communication interface, Parallel communication interface, programmable times and event counters, keyboard and display interface, Block transfers and DMA, Dynamic RAM & its controllers, I/O Design example, Diskette controller, Maximum mode and 16-bit interface design, Multiprocessor configurations, Queue status and lack facility, 8086/8088 based multiprocessor systems, Numeric data processor 8087, I/O Processor 8089.

80386 – Basic Architecture, Memory capacity, 32-bit architecture, Data types, Tasks address, Calculation, Page-base virtual memory, Segment and page protection, Additional exceptions, Input/output, Pipelining, General-purpose registers, Real protected and virtual mode operations, Address segmentation, Segment length, paging segment registers, Flags Special fields, Instruction pointer address registers machine status, word debug and test registers, Addressing techniques, Scaling Bit addressing exceptions, Overview of the instruction set, Introduction to 80486 microprocessor & Pentium, Memory management.